Labs

General guidelines

  • Avoid phrases such as “I think” or “I believe”. State things that are true. Avoid making statements on things that are not true.
  • Avoid phrases such as “After looking at the data I determined…” or “The data say that…” Data do not speak. People speak. Analyses speak. Data do not. (Note that “data” is the plural term for “datum”, i.e., a single data point or individual observation).
  • Avoid first person.
  • When creating maps of Wisconsin, use a CRS appropriately for Wisconsin (e.g., EPSG:3070 or EPSG:3071). Note that this does not mean defining the CRS as one of these coordinate systems.
  • Export maps as images (don’t use screenshots).
  • Submit one document. Don’t submit maps as separate files.
  • Make the maps take up a large portion of the page. Don’t submit really small maps.
  • Use a human readable legend. I.e., change the names of layers to something that is easily understandable.

Topical overview

Lab 1

  • Introduction to R and RStudio

Lab 2

  • Scales of measurement
  • Classification methods for mapping

Lab 3

  • Descriptive statistics (central tendency, and shape)
  • visualization

Lab 4

  • Descriptive statistics (central tendency, shape, and dispersion)
  • Standard deviation

Lab 5

  • Central tendency over space
  • Mapping and interpreting data

Lab 6

  • z-scores
  • Probability

Lab 7

  • Hypothesis testing
  • z-tests
  • _t-_tests

Lab 8

  • Hypothesis testing
  • z-tests
  • _t-_tests

Lab 9

  • Correlation

Lab 10

  • Spatial autocorrelation

Lab 11

  • OLS Regression
  • Evaluating regression assumption
  • Interpreting regression results